Why is it essential to monitor for signs of infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

Monitoring for signs of infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy is essential primarily because the treatment can induce immunosuppression, significantly increasing their vulnerability to infections. Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, which includes not only cancer cells but also normal cells in the bone marrow responsible for producing white blood cells. A reduced white blood cell count (neutropenia) results in a weakened immune response, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections.

Patients may not only be at a heightened risk for bacterial infections, but they are also susceptible to viral and fungal infections. As a consequence, timely recognition and management of any signs of infection are vital, as infections can lead to serious complications, prolonged hospital stays, and potentially affect the overall treatment plan and outcomes. Therefore, closely monitoring these patients for any symptoms of infection is a crucial part of their care during chemotherapy.