Which of the following drugs is noted for causing stomatitis and mucositis?

Melphalan is recognized for causing stomatitis and mucositis, which are inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes in the mouth. This adverse effect is particularly relevant in the context of high-dose melphalan, which is often used in conditioning regimens prior to stem cell transplants. The drug interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription, leading to cytotoxic effects on rapidly dividing cells, including those in the oral mucosa.

Stomatitis and mucositis can significantly impact a patient's quality of life, causing pain, difficulty in swallowing, and increased risk of infections. Awareness of this side effect is vital for healthcare providers to implement preventive measures and to manage symptoms effectively for patients undergoing treatment with melphalan.