What is the pathophysiological aspect linked to PRES?

The pathophysiological aspect linked to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is endothelial dysfunction. This condition is characterized by a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier, which is primarily a result of damage to the endothelial cells lining the cerebral blood vessels. This dysfunction leads to increased vascular permeability, allowing fluid to accumulate in the brain and resulting in edema.

Endothelial dysfunction can occur due to various factors, including hypertension, pre-eclampsia, renal failure, and certain medications, all of which can trigger the symptoms associated with PRES. The presence of fluid in the brain can disrupt normal neurological function and lead to clinical manifestations such as headaches, seizures, and altered mental status.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial because it emphasizes the importance of recognizing and managing underlying conditions that may contribute to PRES, allowing for timely intervention and improvement of patient outcomes.