What impact does chemotherapy have on the immune system?

Chemotherapy generally inhibits immune function, which can lead to an increased risk of infections. This is primarily due to the cytotoxic nature of many chemotherapy agents, which target rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic of cancer cells. However, these agents also affect other rapidly dividing cells in the body, including those in the bone marrow that are responsible for producing white blood cells. A decrease in white blood cell counts, particularly neutrophils, can significantly impair the immune response, making patients more susceptible to infections during treatment.

While some therapies are designed to help restore immune function or boost white blood cell production, chemotherapy as a whole tends to have a suppressive effect on the immune system. Thus, monitoring for infections and managing their risk is critical during a course of chemotherapy. Understanding this impact is essential for healthcare providers to ensure proper patient care and support throughout the treatment process.