What does the term "neutropenia" refer to in chemotherapy patients?

The term "neutropenia" specifically refers to a decrease in neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. In chemotherapy patients, neutropenia is a significant concern because chemotherapy can lead to bone marrow suppression, reducing the production of neutrophils. When neutrophil levels fall, patients become more vulnerable to infections, as the body's first line of defense against pathogens is compromised. This condition is often monitored closely during chemotherapy treatment, and strategies such as growth factor support may be employed to help stimulate neutrophil production and mitigate the risks associated with neutropenia.

Other terms in the options, like a decrease in red blood cells or platelets, are related to different conditions. A decrease in red blood cells is referred to as anemia, while thrombocytopenia is the term for a decrease in platelets. An increase in white blood cell production does not describe neutropenia and would typically suggest a different immune response or condition altogether.