Molecular targeted therapy primarily affects which of the following?

Molecular targeted therapy is designed to specifically interact with particular molecular targets associated with cancer cells. These targets are often proteins or genes that are involved in the pathways vital for cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. By focusing on these specific pathways or functions, targeted therapies can inhibit the growth of cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal, healthy cells.

This approach contrasts with traditional chemotherapy, which generally affects all rapidly dividing cells and is less selective. Because molecular targeted therapies hone in on specific mechanisms that cancer cells exploit, they tend to be more effective at halting the progression of the disease while sparing normal cells from the adverse effects commonly associated with conventional chemotherapy treatments.